Historical Document  ·  Signed in 2016  ·  Plain-language summary

2016 Exploration Agreement

A plain-language summary of the 2016 Exploration Agreement with Frontier that set the rules for mineral exploration on Sandy Lake's shared traditional territory.

📋 Please note: The Exploration Agreement was signed in 2016. The terms described reflect conditions at that time. Circumstances have evolved since.

What was this agreement?

This was an agreement between Frontier Lithium and Sandy Lake First Nation, signed in 2016. It set the rules for how Frontier could explore for minerals on Sandy Lake's shared traditional territory.

It established how both sides would work together — with respect, open communication, and some sharing of benefits.

Frontier Lithium Shared Territory Sandy Lake First Nation A 2016 agreement
Three founding principles

Permission to Explore

Frontier was allowed to carry out early-stage work — drilling, sampling, and environmental studies — on the land.

Land Access with Conditions

Sandy Lake supported access to the land — provided Frontier followed every condition in the agreement.

A Relationship Agreement

Both sides committed to respect, open communication, and mutual benefit — a foundation for future discussions.

Key points of the Exploration Agreement

As agreed in 2016

1

Exploration Work

  • Drilling, testing, and environmental studies were permitted
  • Plans could change depending on results and funding
  • Frontier was required to share plans and findings with Sandy Lake
2

Environment & Land Protection

  • All required government permits had to be obtained
  • Sandy Lake was to be consulted before permit submissions
  • A Sandy Lake representative was to join environmental monitoring
  • Traditional land use, cultural sites & local knowledge to be respected
3

Jobs, Training & Business

  • Sandy Lake members were to get first opportunity when qualified
  • Training opportunities were to be offered
  • Local businesses given preferred access to contracts if competitive
4

Financial Benefits

  • A percentage of exploration spending shared with Sandy Lake
  • Funds directed to health, education, and housing
5

Working with Other First Nations

  • Frontier could also sign agreements with nearby First Nations
6

Future Mine Development

  • This 2016 agreement covered exploration only — not a mine
  • If the project moved forward, a larger Impact Benefit Agreement (IBA) would be negotiated separately
  • That IBA would cover long-term jobs, revenue sharing, and impacts
7

What Sandy Lake Agreed to Do

  • Support access to the lands (if all terms were followed)
  • Help resolve issues if they arose
  • Provide input on environmental and cultural concerns
8

Legal & Practical Details

  • Legally binding under Ontario and Canadian law
  • Frontier remains bound by it until an IBA is signed, or Frontier stops exploring

The 2016 Exploration Agreement was just a start

The pathway envisioned in 2016 — from exploration toward a potential mine

🗺️

2016 Exploration Agreement

Exploration allowed. Rules set.

⛏️

Exploration Work

Drilling, testing, studies

📊

Results Shared

Data provided to Sandy Lake

🤝

Future Negotiation

If mine viable, bigger deal may be negotiated

🏘️

Long-Term Benefits

Jobs, revenue, community impact

Neither side is required to agree to anything in future negotiations. That discussion was always intended for later, when much more information would be available.

Roles and responsibilities

Who agreed to do what in 2016

Shared obligations

How Frontier and Sandy Lake each committed to contribute

Roles and responsibilities diagram Shows Frontier Lithium and Sandy Lake First Nation's respective obligations under the 2016 agreement, with shared commitments in the centre. Frontier Lithium • Conduct exploration work • Obtain government permits • Minimize environmental damage • Hire Sandy Lake members • Share a percentage of spending • Seek Sandy's advice • Share plans and results • Consult before permits Sandy Lake First Nation • Support land access • Provide cultural input • Join environmental monitoring • Help resolve issues • Share traditional knowledge • Review permit applications Both sides committed to ✓ Mutual respect ✓ Open communication ✓ Shared benefit ✓ Legal obligations ✓ Future negotiation
The 2016 Exploration Agreement covers exploration only. Full scale mine development is not included. Future negotiations are possible, once there is detailed information about potential impacts and benefits, and a process for Sandy to consider what is proposed.